2. cold snap
3. cold spell
4. cold surge
5. cold front
6. Korean current到底哪一個才是正確的?
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1. cold wave 寒流；寒潮 
In meteorology, a cold wave (known in some regions as a cold snap or cold spell) is a weather phenomenon that is distinguished by a cooling of the air. Specifically, as used by the U.S. National Weather Service, a rapid fall in temperature within 24 hours to temperatures requiring substantially increased protection to agriculture, industry, commerce, and social activities. Therefore, the criterion for a cold wave is twofold: the rate of temperature fall, and the minimum to which it falls. The latter depends upon region and time of year.
寒流是一種天氣現象，特徵是空氣會冷卻。具體來說，如美國國家氣象局所述，溫度在24小時內迅速下降到致使必須大幅提高對農業，工業，商業和社會活動的保護。因此，寒流的定義標準是雙重的：溫度下降的速度和下降的最低溫度；下降的最低溫度則取決於地區和一年中的時間。
＊一般而言，寒潮是指一高氣壓在高緯生成，冷高壓向低緯侵襲，最後出海變性的冷空氣。在寒潮侵襲期間，冷空氣引起成當地氣溫驟降，地面氣壓驟升，有時更引起強風，大浪。
Sources:
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Cold_wave
https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/2746908/
http://bit.ly/34UmGdk
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2. cold snap 乍寒，驟冷
a (sudden) short period of cold weather
臨時、短暫的寒冷天氣
Sources:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictio…/english/cold-snap
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dic…/british/cold-snap
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3. cold spell 寒流
a period of several days or weeks when the weather is much colder than usual
天氣比平常還要冷，並且持續幾天或幾週
Sources:
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4. cold surge 寒潮
In meteorology, a cold surge refers to an abrupt temperature drop (e.g., relatively colder weather than a previous day).
突然的溫度下降（例如，比前一天寒冷）
Sources:
http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1215768/?index=736
*cold surge 的使用頻率和領域: http://bit.ly/2L3dADZ
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5. cold front 冷鋒
the weather condition in which a moving mass of cold air pushes into a mass of warm air resulting in a fall in temperature
A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air at ground level that replaces a warmer mass of air and lies within a pronounced surface trough of low pressure.
冷鋒指的是正在移動的冷氣團主動向暖氣團推進，並取代暖氣團原有位置所形成的鋒，導致溫度下降。作為地面上較冷空氣團的前沿，它取代了較熱的空氣團並位於明顯的低壓槽。
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_front
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dicti…/english/cold-front
★★★★★★★★★★★★ 上述1-4全是「寒流」可能的翻譯方式
1-4 are all possible translations of 寒流, or you can just say “I’m freezing my ass off” if you want to express how cold it is.★★★★★★★★★★★★ How would you use cold wave/snap/spell/surge in an actual sentence? 要如何在實際句子中使用「寒流」相關詞彙呢？ 1. A cold wave could sweep through the East Coast late next week. 下週稍晚寒流可能會席捲東岸。 —USA Today (今日美國) 2. Britain is braced for a big chill as a short sharp cold snap heads our way. 面對短暫而突然的寒流，英國已經做好未來天氣寒冷的準備。 —The Sun (太陽報) 3. Britain is expected to enjoy an unseasonably warm weekend as tropical air blows in from the Atlantic after a prolonged cold spell. 由於大西洋從大西洋吹來的空氣，在長期寒流之後，英國預計將度過一個異常溫暖的周末。 —The Sunday Times (星期日泰晤士報) 4. Taiwan’s first cold surge of the winter season sent temperatures plummeting across the island Wednesday. 台灣首次寒流發威，週三全島氣溫驟降。 —Focus Taiwan (中央通訊社) = ★★★★★★★★★★★★ 加分題: 那「韓流」英文怎麼說?
生活美語: https://bit.ly/2H42k8T