borrow (v.)
是「借入; 貸入」, 用於金錢與任何物品; 後面接from+所借金錢或物品的主人.
subject + borrow (v.) + something (+ from someone)
用法: 主詞 + borrow（動詞）+ 某物（+ 從某人那裡）
1. I borrowed one thousand dollars from the bank.
我從銀行借了一千美元。
2. My wife borrowed my credit card.
我的妻子借了我的信用卡。
lend (v.)
是「借出; 貸出」, 用於金錢與任何物品; 後面接to+金錢或物品借予的對象.
用法 1: subject + lend (v.) + something + to someone
主詞 + lend（動詞）+ 某物 + 給某人
We lent our car to Bob.
我們把我們的車借給了Bob。
用法 2: subject + lend + someone + something
主詞 + lend（動詞）+ 某人某物 + 某物
He lent me $1000. I will pay him back tomorrow*.
他借給我1000美元。我明天會還給他
*pay somebody back (something): （向某人）還錢
loan (v., n.)
當動詞用時, 與lend相同, 但專用於金錢的借出. 後面接to+金錢借予的對象. 當動詞不用於借入, 當名辭時則不限.
用法1: subject + loan (v) + something (usually $) + someone
主詞 + loan（動詞）+ 某物（通常是金錢）+ 給某人
The bank loaned US$100,000 to me.
銀行借給我100,000美元。
用法2: subject + loan (v.) + someone + something
主詞 + loan（動詞）+ 給某人 + 某物
The bank loaned me US$100,000.
銀行借給我100,000美元。
My friend loaned me his car.
我朋友借給我他的車。
用法3: subject + took out + a loan (n.)* + (of $).
主詞 + took out + a loan（名詞）* + （的金額）。
I took out a huge (adj.) loan (n.) for my mortgage .
我為我的房貸借了一筆巨額的貸款。
I took out a US$300,000 loan (n.).
我借了300,000美元的貸款。
I took out a loan of US$300,000 from the bank.
我從銀行借了300,000美元的貸款。
took out a loan: http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/take+out+a+loan
用法4: subject + gave + someone + a loan (n.) + for something/$.
主詞 + took out + a loan（名詞）* + （的金額）。
The bank gave me a loan for US$300,000.
銀行給了我一筆300,000美元的貸款。
The bank gave me a loan for this new car.
銀行為這輛新車給了我一筆貸款。
cost, spend, take, pay 的用法: https://bit.ly/495rdZo
相關詞彙:
debt 債務
mortgage 貸款; 房屋貸款
interest rates 利率
student loan 學生貸款
car loan 汽車貸款
default 不履行, 拖欠[(+on/in)]
bankruptcy 破產
loan shark 高利貸者
資料來源:
http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1012061006702
http://kerlynb.hubpages.com/hub/Borrow-Lend-Loan-Common-Mistakes-in-English-as-a-Second-Language-ESL
http://www.elearnenglishlanguage.com/difficulties/borrowlendloan.html