| Modal Verb | Usage |
| shall | used for obligation in very formal situations. 用於非常正式的場合表示義務。 |
| should | often used to give an opinion, make a suggestion, express a preference, or an idea. 經常用來給出意見、提出建議、表達偏好或想法。 |
| ought to | used to show when it is necessary or would be a good thing to perform the activity referred to by the following verb
(表示做某事有必要、值得或有利)應該,應當 used to express something that you expect will happen (表示期望某事發生)該,應該 |
| had better | used for more urgent advice with bad consequences if you don’t follow it. 用於更強烈的建議,如果不遵循,會有不好的後果。 |
English explanation: http://tinyurl.com/muqo8qk
Shall 和 should 既可以作為助動詞,也可以作為情境助動詞。
作為助動詞時,should 是 shall 的過去式 (但should也可用於現在式)。
- We shall/should finish the task together!
我們應該/應當一起完成這項任務! - At the time, we thought that we should finish the task together.
當時,我們認為我們應該一起完成這項任務。
用作情境助動詞時、 shall和should意義差別很大:
shall 用於表達允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規定、必然性等、主要用於第二、三人稱。例如:
- The soldiers shall fulfill their duties to protect the people.
士兵們將履行他們的職責來保護人民。 - You shall follow every rule in the book or face the consequences.
你必須遵守書中的每一條規則,否則面對後果。 - He shall suffer for his crimes.
他將為他的罪行受苦。 - The young king shall one day bring peace to his people.
年輕的國王將有一天為他的人民帶來和平。
*有時用於第一人稱,表示決心:
- I shall help you in any way that I can.
我將盡我所能幫助你。 - I shall pay back my debt to you in any way that I can.
我將盡我所能償還我對你的債務。
**在疑問句中用於徵求對方意見,主要用於第一人稱(在英語中,也用於第三人稱),其意為“要不要”、“…好嗎”
- Shall I get you a chair for you?
我給你拿把椅子好嗎? - What shall we do this evening?
我們今晚做什麼? - Shall we dance?
我們跳舞嗎?
而should 用於表達義務、建議、勸告、可能等。例如:
- We should learn from each other.
我們應該相互學習。 - You should give up smoking.
你應該戒煙。 - They should be there by now.
他們現在應該已經到那裡了。 - The concert should be great fun.
音樂會應該會非常有趣。 - The poems should be out in a month or so.
詩歌應該在一個月左右出版。
*should表示推斷時,語氣較肯定,通常是指非常可能的事(因為暗示有一定的事實依據或合乎常理),而may, might, could等表示推測時,則語氣較不肯定,尤其是might, could.
**should 用於徵求意見。主要用於第一人稱的疑問句形式:
- Should I open the window?
我應該開窗戶嗎? - Where should I meet you tonight?
今晚我應該在哪裡見你?
Source: The New Fowler’s Modern English Usage edited by R.W. Burchfield. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. 1996.
在法律英語中「shall」和「should」的用法也有清楚地分別。「shall」表示強制性承擔法律所規定的義務。「should」在法律中往往作「if」解,只表示「如果」之意。
http://www.legaltranz.com/archives/553
will vs. shall: http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals_shall-will.htm
Sources:
http://www.differencebetween.net/language/words-language/difference-between-shall-and-should/
http://www.legaltranz.com/archives/553
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/auxiliary.htm
http://www.feeteckonline.com/content11_172_zh.html
http://qz.klxuexi.com/news-chuyi-1569.html

正為這個字的定義搞的有一點不太清楚。寫的很清楚!很有幫助,謝謝
My pleasure!