[詞彙Q&A] percent，percentage ，rate ，ratio ，proportion，percentile 有什麼區別?
percent，percentage ，rate ，ratio ，proportion, percentile 有什麼區別?
1. percent (%)百分之(某數字) 一般都是有數字在前面的時候用 (數字＋percent of sb or sth)
for or out of every 100, shown by the symbol %
百分之…（符號為%）
You got 20 percent of the answers right – that means one in every five.
你的答案中20%是對的，也就是說每五個中有一個是對的。
Only 40 percent of people bothered to vote in the election.
只有40%的人肯花時間參加選舉投票。
註: 百分比和分數可以是單數或複數。你選擇的動詞將取決於你是在談論總量還是多個單位。有幾種方法可以判斷使用單數或複數動詞。通常，如果分數或百分比後面的名詞是單數或不可數名詞，你會使用單數動詞。如果分數後面的詞是複數，則使用複數動詞。
分數或百分比後面跟單數或不可數名詞時:
A third of the juice has been consumed.
果汁不可數，因此使用單數動詞。
Fifty percent of the information is accurate.
資訊不可數，所以使用單數動詞。
分數或百分比後面跟複數名詞時:
Three-quarters of the apples are rotten.
蘋果是複數，因此使用複數動詞。
Sixty percent of the cars have been sold.
汽車是複數，所以使用複數動。
如果分數或百分比位於集合名詞之前，請按照集合名詞課程中的規則。記住，集合名詞可以根據該名詞是作為一個整體還是作為個別成員行動而採用單數或複數動詞。
分數或百分比與集合名詞一起使用時:
Half of the committee agrees with the decision.
這裡委員會作為一個單位。
Thirty percent of the team is absent today.
團隊被視為一個整體。
集合名詞的每個成員各自行動時:
Half of the committee have different opinions.
這裡委員會的成員各自行動。
Fifty percent of the team have submitted their reports.
每個團隊成員各自提交報告。
2. percentage 百分率
an amount of something, often expressed as a number out of 100
百分比，百分率
What percentage of women return to work after having a baby?
生完小孩後繼續工作的女性佔多大比例？
Percentage 被放在 the後時，用單數形動詞：
E.g. The percentage of unemployed people in this city is relatively small. Nearly everyone works a full-time job.
當被放在 a後時，可用動詞單數或複數形式，這由後面所跟的名詞數量而定：
E.g. A large percentage of children in the school come from single-parent families.
E.g. A large percentage of the crop has spoiled.
3. rate指的是比率，比值，率等，如tax rate (稅率), crime rate (犯罪率) 等。
the speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period
率，比率；速率；速度；進度
Although she’s recovering from her illness, her rate of recovery is quite slow.
儘管病情正在好轉，但她康復的速度仍很慢。
I told my assistants to work at their own rate.
我告訴我的助手們按照他們自己的進度工作。
The taxi was going at a tremendous rate.
計程車飛速奔馳。
the growth/inflation/mortality/unemployment, etc. rate
增長率／通貨膨脹率／死亡率／失業率等
The drug has a high success/failure rate.
這種藥物治療疾病的成功率／失敗率很高。
4. ratio 指的是兩個量的比值，其實是強調相比、相除的關係; 比例 (必須有確切的數字)。
the relationship between two groups or amounts that expresses how much bigger one is than the other
比；比例；比率
The ratio of men to women at the conference was ten to one/10:1.
出席會議者的男女比例爲10：1。
The school is trying to improve its student-teacher ratio (= the number of teachers compared with the number of students).
該校正大力優化其師生間的人數比例結構。
5. proportion有多種用法:
1. the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole
部分；份額
Children make up a large proportion of the world’s population.
孩童佔世界人口的很大一部分。
The report shows that poor families spend a larger proportion of their total income on food.
報告顯示，貧困家庭食物支出所占其收入比例。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
2. the number, amount, or level of one thing when compared to another
比率，比例
The proportion of women to men at my college was about five to one.
我所在大學的男女比例大約為1：5。
The chart shows how weight increases in proportion to height (= the increase in weight depends on the increase in height).
圖表說明了體重是如何隨著身高成正比上升的。
The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of unemployed.
一個地區的犯罪率幾乎總是與失業人數成正比。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
6. percentile: 百分位數是統計學中的一種度量，指出在一組觀察值中有多少百分比的觀察值低於某個數值。
換句話說，它顯示了一個數值在數據集中的相對位置。第 n 個百分位數是低於其中 n% 的數據所找到的值。Percentile 經常用於標準化測試、健康和體能評估以及許多其他領域，用來將個人的分數或測量結果與更廣泛的人群進行比較。
If you score in the 70th percentile on a test, it means you scored better than 70% of all the other test takers.
如果你在考試中的成績處於第70百分位，這代表著你的成績超過了其他70%的考生。
If a baby’s weight is in the 40th percentile, it means that 40% of babies of the same age weigh less, and 60% weigh more.
如果一個嬰兒的體重處於第40百分位，這意味著有40%的同齡嬰兒體重較輕，60%的體重較重。
percentage 與 percentile 主要區別在於percentage 代表的是一個百分之百中的數字，而percentile則指出低於某個數值的百分比。百分比用來比較數量大小，百分位數用來顯示相對的位置或等級。
BBC Podcast: 辨析四個表示“比率” 的近義詞：proportion, rate, ratio, percentage
https://bbc.in/2ROeuIi
資料來源: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/
老師好, 請問若是用 What percentage of …. 來當主詞, 其對應的動詞, 要用單數形? 還是要視 of 後的名詞來看? 謝謝. 例如: What percentage of people in the world have/has mobile devices? What percentage of buildings in California is/are two-story? What percentage of the air is oxygen? 再次謝謝老師!
Nearly 25% of people in the world are…
Why is 25% of people are correct? The subject of this sentence is 25%. Fractions and percentages, like team and staff, can be either singular or plural depending on the object of the preposition following. In this case people is the object of the preposition of. We have already said that people is plural. Therefore, 25% becomes plural in meaning.
Example: Twelve percent of the building has/have been renovated.
The subject is twelve percent, which will be either singular or plural depending on the object of the preposition that follows. In this sentence, the object of the preposition is building, which is always singular. So the correct answer is has.
Source: https://data.grammarbook.com/blog/singular-vs-plural/subject-and-verb-agreement-with-collective-nouns/